The piano is a musical instrument played mainly by
means of a keyboard. It is one of the
most popular instruments in the world. Widely
used in classical and jazz music for
solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also
very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal.
Although not portable and often expensive, the piano's versatility and ubiquity
have made it one of the world's most familiar musical instruments.
Pressing a key on the piano's keyboard
causes a felt-covered hammer to
strike steel strings. The hammers
rebound, allowing the strings to continue vibrating at their resonant frequency. These vibrations
are transmitted through a bridge to a sounding board that more
efficiently couples the acoustic energy
to the air. The sound would otherwise be no louder than that directly produced
by the strings. When the key is released, a damper stops the string's
vibration. See the article on Piano key
frequencies
for a picture of the piano keyboard and the location of middle-C. In the Hornbostel-Sachs system of instrument
classification, pianos are considered chordophones.
The word piano is a shortened
form of pianoforte (PF),
the Italian word for the
instrument (which in turn derives from the previous terms gravicembalo col
piano e forte and fortepiano).
The musical terms piano and forte mean "quiet" and
"loud," and in this context refers to variations in loudness the
instrument produces in response to a pianist's
touch on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the
force of the hammer hitting the string(s), and the louder the note produced.
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